Scaling in Quantitative Survey in Management Science Research: The Perspective of Likert Scale

Abstract

The research process entails the  collection of data through questionnaire providing a ranking scale platform for measuring the respondents’ responses. Thus, this paper explores the topic of scaling in quantitative survey research in the field of management science, with a focus on Likert scaling. The paper delves into the types of scaling discussed in the literature, incorporating classical test theory as well as item response theory as guiding frameworks for its objectives. Employing a qualitative research approach, the paper allows for the use of contextual analysis through Qualitative Data Analysis (QDA). Presented is an overview of the various types of Likert scaling including 2-point, 3-point, 4-point, 5- point, 6-point, 7-point, 9-point, and beyond. The paper also argues that the 6-point Likert scale is the most appropriate scaling method for management science research as it divides the neutral option (mid-point) issue into parts of agreement and disagreement. The study recommends that management science researchers should familiarize themselves with the different types of Likert scale in order to determine the most appropriate for their studies. The paper suggests that the 6-point Likert scale is particularly relevant for studies within the management sciences field.